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Pak Oo, a MythSource painting
Korean

Pak Oo

01Identity

In a tale attributed to Im Bang, Pak Oo is identified as the King of Hades. Though he rules the dead, the errand he gives a living messenger is plain: the outer coat he has worn in the other world is in tatters, and he wants his family to send a new one. The messenger is a scholar mistakenly arrested for another man, so Pak Oo supplies a private test from his earthly life. He tells the scholar where a broken head button is hidden, in the third volume of the Book of History, so the family can decide whether to trust the message.

The scholar wakes after three days and finds Pak Oo’s household in Seoul. His sons first reject the story, but the hidden button is found exactly where Pak Oo said it would be. The family mourns, makes the coat, and offers it by fire at the ancestral altar. In the story’s close, both the scholar and Pak Oo’s family dream that the King of Hades has come to thank them.

SourceKorean Folk Tales (James Scarth Gale translation, 1913): Chapter XXXIV, The King of Yom-na (Hell)

Top questions
02The myths

1 myth, with sources recorded for each.

A scholar in Yon-nan falls ill and is taken by spirit soldiers to the ruler of the lower world. When the King hears the scholar’s name and home, he realizes the arrest is a mistake: the intended prisoner shares his name. Before sending the scholar back, the King asks him to tell his family that his outer coat has worn out.

The scholar worries that no one will believe a message from Hades. The King gives him a way to prove it: a head button with a broken edge is hidden in the third volume of the Book of History. He also explains that a new coat can be sent by offering it in a fire. The guards lead the scholar to a river; he wakes at home after three days and goes to Seoul to find the household.

Pak Oo’s sons initially dismiss the visitor, but the scholar describes the button. They find it exactly where their father said it would be and accept the message. The family mourns, makes the coat and offers it by fire before the ancestral altar. Three days later, the scholar and Pak’s family each dream that the King has come to thank them. They keep the scholar as a respected friend.

Pak Oo Sends a Coat to Hades, a MythSource painting of the scene

4 sources· checked 2026-10-03

  1. 1Korean Folk Tales (James Scarth Gale translation, 1913)T1
  2. 2Korean Folk Tales (James Scarth Gale translation, 1913)T1
  3. 3Korean Folk Tales (James Scarth Gale translation, 1913)T1
  4. 4Korean Folk Tales (James Scarth Gale translation, 1913)T1