Pak Oo in Korean tradition
In a tale attributed to Im Bang, Pak Oo is identified as the King of Hades. Though he rules the dead, the errand he gives a living messenger is plain: the outer coat he has worn in the other world is in tatters, and he wants his family to send a new one. The messenger is a scholar mistakenly arrested for another man, so Pak Oo supplies a private test from his earthly life. He tells the scholar where a broken head button is hidden, in the third volume of the Book of History, so the family can decide whether to trust the message.
The scholar wakes after three days and finds Pak Oo’s household in Seoul. His sons first reject the story, but the hidden button is found exactly where Pak Oo said it would be. The family mourns, makes the coat, and offers it by fire at the ancestral altar. In the story’s close, both the scholar and Pak Oo’s family dream that the King of Hades has come to thank them.
SourceKorean Folk Tales (James Scarth Gale translation, 1913): Chapter XXXIV, The King of Yom-na (Hell)
The quick answers
Who is Pak Oo?
Pak Oo is a Korean hero.
The myths of Pak Oo
1 myth, with sources recorded for each.
Pak Oo Sends a Coat to Hades
A scholar in Yon-nan falls ill and is taken by spirit soldiers to the ruler of the lower world. When the King hears the scholar’s name and home, he realizes the arrest is a mistake: the intended prisoner shares his name. Before sending the scholar back, the King asks him to tell his family that his outer coat has worn out.
The scholar worries that no one will believe a message from Hades. The King gives him a way to prove it: a head button with a broken edge is hidden in the third volume of the Book of History. He also explains that a new coat can be sent by offering it in a fire. The guards lead the scholar to a river; he wakes at home after three days and goes to Seoul to find the household.
Pak Oo’s sons initially dismiss the visitor, but the scholar describes the button. They find it exactly where their father said it would be and accept the message. The family mourns, makes the coat and offers it by fire before the ancestral altar. Three days later, the scholar and Pak’s family each dream that the King has come to thank them. They keep the scholar as a respected friend.

4 sources· checked 2026-10-03
- 1Korean Folk Tales (James Scarth Gale translation, 1913)T1
- 2Korean Folk Tales (James Scarth Gale translation, 1913)T1
- 3Korean Folk Tales (James Scarth Gale translation, 1913)T1
- 4Korean Folk Tales (James Scarth Gale translation, 1913)T1
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Written and maintained by MythSource. Last reviewed October 3, 2026. How a page gets built.
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MythSource. (October 3, 2026). Pak Oo. https://www.mythsource.com/figures/pak-oo
"Pak Oo." MythSource, Oct. 3, 2026, www.mythsource.com/figures/pak-oo.
"Pak Oo." MythSource. Last modified October 3, 2026. https://www.mythsource.com/figures/pak-oo.
Source details
- Korean Folk Tales: Imps, Ghosts and Fairies. Im Bang and Yi Ryuk; translated by James S. Gale. 1913 text, Project Gutenberg eBook 51002. Source edition
The mythology summaries and identity fields on this page are grounded in the sources listed above. The appearance table records candidates separately; only confirmed connections are presented as modern retellings in Overview.
