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Tangaroa, a MythSource painting
Polynesian

Tangaroa

01Identity

Tangaroa fled to the open ocean when the storm god Tawhiri-matea turned on his brothers, and his own descendants split as they ran: some to the water as fish, some ashore as reptiles. Tangaroa never forgave the desertion, and the sea god has fought his brother Tane, keeper of the forests, ever since. Tane arms mankind with canoes, spears and nets cut from his trees, and Tangaroa answers with floods that drag the forest's fallen timber into his waves. Fishermen knew him too as king of every fish in the sea, a rank that let him raise a whale-led army to avenge a deserted wife and, after the battle, grant the fish the barbs, spear-noses and colours they still carry. In Samoa the same god, called Tangaloa, took the opposite role: a solitary creator who raised the islands out of an empty sea and shaped the first man and woman, ruling from the ninth heaven at Fale-'ula with his wife Hina.

  • The Maori god of the ocean, and the ancestor and king of every fish that lives in it. (Polynesian Mythology)
  • At war with his brother Tane, god of the forests, ever since some of Tangaroa's own children deserted him for dry land. (Polynesian Mythology and Ancient Traditional History of the New Zealand Race)
  • In Samoa, worshipped instead as Tangaloa, a solitary creator who lived above the sky before the earth existed. (Maori Religion and Mythology Part 1)
Top questions
02Family
RangiPapa
Tangaroa
03The names

Tangaloa

the Samoan name for the same god (also spelled Tagaloa), worshipped there chiefly as a creator rather than as lord of the fish

SourceHandbook of Polynesian Mythology (Robert D. Craig)

04The myths

4 myths, with sources recorded for each.

Tawhiri-matea's storm broke first over his brother Tane's forests, snapping the trees, then turned on Tangaroa and all his children. Tangaroa fled for the safety of the open ocean. Before the water closed over him, his descendants argued over where to hide. Punga's two sons, Ika-tere, father of the fish, and Tu-te-wehiwehi, father of the reptiles, could not agree, and each led his own people away. Ika-tere's group cried out to flee to the sea and rushed into the waves, becoming the creatures that still live there. Tu-te-wehiwehi's group called instead for the land and hid ashore among the forests and scrub, becoming the tuatara and every kind of lizard. Old prayers still name this parting the separation caused by Tawhiri-matea.

Tangaroa never forgave his brother Tane for sheltering the reptiles that had deserted him, and the two gods have waged war on each other ever since. Tane armed Tu-matauenga's people, mankind, against the sea: canoes cut from his trees, spears and hooks carved from the same wood, and nets woven from his forest's fibrous plants, all turned against Tangaroa's children. Tangaroa struck back in kind. He swamped canoes under his surges, drove floods over the land to drown houses and trees, and wore away the shores so that the forest's fallen giants washed down into his waters, where he could swallow the insects, the fledgling birds and the animals sheltering inside them. Tu, ancestor of mankind, stood against Tangaroa as well, in a contest both fought long and hard: Tu wove his own nets and cut down Tangaroa's offspring one after another.

Tangaroa's Flight to the Sea, and the War with Tane, a MythSource painting of the scene

6 sources· checked 2026-09-02

  1. 1Polynesian Mythology and Ancient Traditional History of the New Zealand RaceT1
  2. 2Polynesian MythologyT1
  3. 3Polynesian MythologyT1
  4. 4Polynesian Mythology and Ancient Traditional History of the New Zealand RaceT1
  5. 5Maori Religion and Mythology Part 1T1
  6. 6Handbook of Polynesian Mythology (Robert D. Craig)T1

A Maori warrior deserted his wife and never came home. She searched for him everywhere, asking the trees of the forest, the fire in the house, his own fishing lines and the door of their home whether anyone had seen him, and each of them told her no. As a last resort she went to Tangaroa himself, ruler of the ocean and every fish that swam in it, and told him what had happened. Tangaroa took pity on her and called every fish in the sea to a meeting. Once they had gathered, he told them the woman's story, and after much discussion the fish agreed to make war on the whole of mankind, their old enemy. Tangaroa formed them into companies, each under its own chief: Kumukumu, Parore, Haku, Tamure, Whai, Takeke, Araara, Patiki and many more, every company taking the name of its commander. Tohora, the whale, was made supreme chief over the entire army, and because he was so large he was kept at the rear, ready to stop a panic and rally the smaller fish. The army then marched out to find the runaway husband.

After the fighting was over, Tangaroa spoke to his assembled army, praising every company for the courage it had shown and granting each one the right to ask for a single reward, in memory of their victory, along with whatever spoils it could gather from the field. Whai saw a spear with a double row of barbs and asked for a tail of the same shape, and Tangaroa gave it to him. Tamure asked for a bone shaped like a club he had seen, and it was granted. Patiki asked to look like a fly-flapper and was made flat as one. Takeke saw a long spear and asked to be given a spear-like nose of his own, and this too was granted. Araara saw the bloodstained cape of the runaway husband, red spots on white, and asked to be marked the same way. Each company was granted the shape or mark it wanted, one after another, and that is why the fish of the sea still carry so many different forms and colours.

The Battle of the Fish, a MythSource painting of the scene

4 sources· checked 2026-09-02

  1. 1Handbook of Polynesian Mythology (Robert D. Craig)T1
  2. 2Maori Religion and Mythology Part 2T1
  3. 3Maori Religion and Mythology Part 2T1
  4. 4Handbook of Polynesian Mythology (Robert D. Craig)T1

Tangaroa's household killed Manu-hauturuki, the daughter of Rua-te-pupuke, and fixed her body to the gable of Hui-te-ananui, Tangaroa's own house, to serve as its tekoteko, a carved figure fixed to the roof. Rua went looking for his daughter and found her body fastened at the peak of the roof. He greeted her in silence, then searched the settlement for its people, but found only a caretaker, Hine-matiko-tai. She told him that Tangaroa and his whole household had gone out to gather food and would not return before evening. Rua resolved to avenge his daughter. On Hine's advice, he sealed every crack in the house through which light might enter, so that the sleeping household inside would stay asleep past sunrise. As he worked, he noted the fine carving and decoration on every wall, work he would soon put to his own use.

Rua kept the house dark until the sun had fully risen, then threw open the door. The daylight destroyed the sleeping horde inside, the sea folk known as the Ponaturi, and the house itself was destroyed by fire. A few of Tangaroa's people escaped in the confusion, among them the mullet and the flying fish, which is why those two are still found living in the sea and in fresh water today. Before the fire took the rest, Rua carried off some of the outer carved slabs of the house to keep as patterns for human carvers to copy. Those outer slabs had never carried the power of speech that the house's inner carvings possessed, and that is why carved wooden figures in this world stay silent.

Tangaroa and Rua: The Slain Daughter and the Burning Light, a MythSource painting of the scene

2 sources· checked 2026-09-02

  1. 1Maori Religion and Mythology Part 2T1
  2. 2Maori Religion and Mythology Part 2T1

Tangaloa once stood alone above a sea with no land in it, before the earth itself existed, and he caused land to appear. He raised the sacred island of Manu'a first, then the other Samoan islands, Savai'i, 'Upolu and Tutuila among them, and lastly, far off to the west, the island groups of Tonga and Fiji. His son Tuli, a plover, flew down from the heavens to survey the new world, found nowhere to land, and returned to complain to his father. Tangaloa answered him by throwing a stone down from the sky, and where the stone fell it turned into solid ground.

Some time afterwards, two men went fishing together, and one of them died from a wound given by a small fish called the lo. Tuli flew back up to complain to his father a second time, so Tangaloa sent his messenger, Ngai-tosi, down to bring the dead man back to life. Before the messenger did so, Tangaloa changed the dead man's sex, and the messenger brought the body back to life in the form of a woman. The surviving fisherman and the reanimated woman came together, and from that single pair came the whole of the human race.

Tangaloa Raises the Samoan Islands and Makes the First People, a MythSource painting of the scene

4 sources· checked 2026-09-02

  1. 1Handbook of Polynesian Mythology (Robert D. Craig)T1
  2. 2Maori Religion and Mythology Part 1T1
  3. 3Handbook of Polynesian Mythology (Robert D. Craig)T1
  4. 4Handbook of Polynesian Mythology (Robert D. Craig)T1

Works that draw on more of the mythology than any single story: full retellings of the saga, and worlds built out of the material.

In the Beginning

Book

The role of world-creator and sea-associated god survives from the Tahiti/Society Islands tradition, but the event retold is the creation of the world, not the flight-to-the-sea, fish-battle, Rua-revenge or Samoa-raising story on file for this figure.

Tangaroa's Gift

Book

Tangaroa as a sea god who shapes a sea creature's form out of compassion, echoing without retelling the pattern in the fish-battle story where he grants shapes and markings to those who fought for him.

Stories elsewhere on MythSource that mention Tangaroa, each on that figure’s page.

05Different accounts
›Robert D. Craig's Handbook of Polynesian Mythology names the bird messenger two different ways in two different sections of the same book: a son, Tuli, in its Creation Stories chapter, but a daughter, Turi, in its separate Tangaloa entry. David Leeming's Creation Myths of the World agrees with Craig's Creation Stories chapter and also calls the messenger a son.

    The accounts that differ: Handbook of Polynesian Mythology (Robert D. Craig), Creation Stories; Handbook of Polynesian Mythology (Robert D. Craig), Tangaloa; Creation Myths of the World: Parts I-II, Part Ii: The Creation Myths | 237

    From “Tangaloa Raises the Samoan Islands and Makes the First People”

    ›David Leeming's Creation Myths of the World gives a different origin for the first people: a vine called fue, left to rot, bred two grubs that Tagaloa shaped into two male beings, and when one died the Creator had him revived as a woman so the pair could found humanity. Robert D. Craig's Handbook of Polynesian Mythology instead makes the first pair two fishing companions, one of whom is killed by a small fish and revived as a woman by Tangaloa's messenger.

      The accounts that differ: Creation Myths of the World: Parts I-II, Part Ii: The Creation Myths | 237; Creation Myths of the World: Parts I-II, Samoan; Handbook of Polynesian Mythology (Robert D. Craig), Creation Stories

      From “Tangaloa Raises the Samoan Islands and Makes the First People”